Base64 represents binary data as 64 printable ASCII characters. It is used to embed images in CSS and HTML, to carry credentials in HTTP Basic authentication headers, and to put binary payloads into JSON or email bodies that only accept text.
Plain Base64 works on bytes, not characters, so text with accents, Chinese characters or emoji must be converted to UTF-8 first. This tool does that conversion for you, and it reports an error when a Base64 string decodes to bytes that are not valid UTF-8 instead of showing garbled text.
URL-safe Base64 replaces + with - and / with _ so the value can sit in a URL or a filename without escaping. The decoder accepts both alphabets and fills in missing = padding, so you can paste a token straight from a query string.